Powering Your Model Trains

e early model trains made primarily for the toy market,negative supply or the two sides of the power supply.
most were powered by clockwork. Actual control ofOther model train systems used instead a row of
the train was only possible by means of levers on thesmall metal studs to replace the central rail, allowing
locomotive itself, which enabled the operator to makeexisting three-rail models to use tracks which
the train stop, to go, and, in many models, to reverse.resembled the more realistic two-rail systems which
These control mechanisms were rather crude but thewere coming into widespread use.
model trains of that time were sufficiently large andToday the most common control method uses DC
robust, to allow an operator to grab the controls while[direct current] power with the positive and negative
the train was moving.charges on the two rails. Some model systems
Although this made control of your train rather crude,however use AC power [alternating current –
the models were large enough so that grabbing theas in general household usage] on the three-rail
controls on the locomotive as they ran around thesystem. Marklin and Lionel are examples of this control
track, was quite practical.method. American Flyer is yet another exception, using
Some accessory manufacturers also developedAC power on a two-rail track.
special tracks fitted with slowing and stopping devicesThe very earliest electric model trains ran on battery
which triggered levers on the locomotive thuspower - few homes were wired for electric power in
automating these aspects of control.the late 19th or early 20th Century. Inexpensive model
The early electrically operated model trains used atrain sets running on battery power are becoming
three-rail system with the wheels resting on metalmore popular once again. But most model train
tracks with metal sleepers that conducted power andenthusiasts regard these as toys and they are seldom
a separate middle rail. This middle rail provided theused but real enthusiasts. These battery powered
power for the train through a skid under themodel trains can make a valuable contribution
locomotive. This form of model train control was onlyhowever – they can introduce young children to
possible because most of the materials used inthe joys and pleasures of being a model train operator.
manufacturing the model trains were metal at that timeMany of the older model train enthusiasts today recall
– the plastics used in present day manufacturethat their first experiences with model trains were with
were still many years away. This all-metaltoy trains – leading them into a lifetime hobby.
manufacture meant that the tracks and locomotiveMany garden railway and larger scale model train
readily conducted electricity.systems still use battery power today. This is
As manufacturers began to develop more accuratelynecessary because of the difficulty in obtaining a
detailed model trains, accuracy in all the associatedreliable power supply through the rails when operated
accessories also became more important as anoutdoors where safe wiring and insulation can be a
increasing number of makers attempted to gain shareproblem. The high level of power consumption and the
of the rapidly growing market of model trainsubsequent high current drawn by large scale garden
enthusiasts.model trains is thus more easily and more safely met
As a result of this, some model train systems adoptedby using lead acid batteries, like those used in modern
two-rail power where the wheels were isolated fromcars.
each other and the two rails carried the positive and